Wet-leakage

58.1% of decommissioned PV modules pass automated I-V screening for second-life use, with a median residual life of ~12 years among those; however, 14% of modules passing I-V+EL screening still fail wet-leakage tests, signaling insulation safety must be tested separately from performance.

15% of 2,200 second-life PV modules failed wet-leakage safety tests in a Queensland pilot; researchers propose silicone backsheet repair and faster parallel wet-leakage testing to enable safe reuse.