Etcd

The article proposes a Raft variant using finite projective planes to form small, intersecting quorums (blocs) so progress can occur with fewer than a majority; it illustrates with a 7-node Fano-plane example and analyzes probabilistic trade-offs and open questions.

A narrow, single-node KV engine removes fsync from the durable path using fixed-size preallocated files, O_DIRECT writes, and a 4KB-aligned journal with atomic commits, delivering roughly 2x higher 4KB-write throughput and lower tail latency on NVMe, but requiring a narrow SSD durability contract and not intended as a general-purpose KV or transaction engine.

SysMoBench shows LLMs can generate syntactically valid TLA+ specs for real systems but struggle with conformance and invariants; Specula claims full conformance/invariant scores, while transition-level analysis reveals concrete gaps and automation needs.